Which countries are actively researching space-based solar power?

Several countries have active institutional SBSP research programs or studies as of the mid-2020s. Japan, through JAXA, has maintained one of the world's longest-running SBSP research programs since the 1990s, producing roadmaps and conducting wireless power transmission demonstrations. Europe, through the ESA SOLARIS initiative launched around 2022, is conducting feasibility and policy studies on whether a European SBSP program should proceed. The United Kingdom conducted a significant SBSP feasibility study published around 2021 through the consultancy Frazer-Nash, commissioned by the UK Space Agency and UK Research and Innovation. China has published research and roadmaps for SBSP development. The United States has had periodic NASA and Department of Defense interest, including the Naval Research Laboratory's wireless power transmission research. Academic institutions including Caltech demonstrated wireless power transmission from orbit with the MAPLE experiment in 2023. No country has committed to full-scale SBSP development or deployment.